冷却塔火灾风险_上海若以商务咨询中心 FM认证 KTW认证 DVGW认证北欧四国认证 CRRC评级 BBA认证

Cooling towers are part of an overall system that may provide air conditioning for municipal buildings, offices and universities. These towers are particularly critical for process industries such as papermaking, electric power generation, steel manu-facturing, plastic molding and extrusion, and chemical processing.
The towers may be constructed of galvanized metal, wood or plastic. Fill material for the cooling surface will likely consist of wood or plastic as well, due to thecorrosive environment associated with the process. Contrary to the popular assump-tion that the presence of running water prevents a cooling tower from becoming a fire hazard, fire can and does occur. FM Global clients have experienced 90 cooling tower fire losses in the last 25 years, averaging US$600,000 each. More important, many of these losses caused major interruptions to facility production. When proper fire protection was in place, however, the damage was reduced by more than 85 percent.

冷却塔是整个系统的一部分，可以为市政建筑，办公室和大学提供空调。这些塔对于诸如造纸，发电，钢铁制造，塑料成型和挤压以及化学加工等过程工业尤其重要。

这些塔架可以由镀锌金属，木材或塑料制成。由于与过程相关的腐蚀性环境，冷却表面的填充材料也可能由木材或塑料组成。与普遍的假设相反，即自来水的存在会阻止冷却塔成为火灾隐患，因此会并且确实会发生火灾。 FM Global的客户在过去25年中遭受了90次冷却塔失火，平均每起损失60万美元。更重要的是，这些损失中有许多造成设施生产的重大中断。但是，在采取适当的防火措施后，损失减少了85％以上。

An understanding of cooling tower construction is helpful when identifying the nature and location of potential fire hazards. Generally, the cooling tower structure is framed with wood. Fan deck supports and fan shrouds usually are made of wood or plastic. Beneath the fan decks is fill material used for heat transfer and evapora-tion. Louvers on the sides of the tower to direct air movement through and across the fill also may be made of combustible construction, either wood or plastic.
The fill presents the most serious fire potential in a tower, especially if combustible material is used. Fill is wet when the tower is in operation, but it dries out when the tower is shut down; and, because plastic does not absorb moisture, plastic fill dries faster than wood. In either case, during shutdown, all combustible fill is dry enough to burn. Loss also has been known to occur in cooling towers while they are in operation.

A cooling tower fire tends to be severe because towers are shielded from hose streams and the arrangement of fill allows for a fast-developing fire. And, to cool efficiently, towers are designed for good airflow, adding to fire development, acceleration and severity. Burning plastic releases large quantities of heat and smoke, and is difficult to contain.

在确定潜在火灾隐患的性质和位置时，了解冷却塔的结构将很有帮助。通常，冷却塔结构是用木框框起来的。风扇甲板支架和风扇外罩通常由木材或塑料制成。风扇甲板下方是用于传热和蒸发的填充材料。塔架侧面的百叶窗可以引导空气流过填充物并通过填充物，也可以用木质或塑料等可燃结构制成。
填充物在塔中呈现出最严重的火灾隐患，尤其是在使用可燃材料的情况下。当塔运行时，填充物是湿的，但是当塔关闭时，填充物会变干。而且，由于塑料不吸收水分，因此塑料填充物的干燥速度比木材快。无论哪种情况，在关闭过程中，所有可燃填充物都干燥到足以燃烧的程度。还已知在冷却塔运行期间会发生损失。
冷却塔着火的趋势很严重，因为冷却塔被软管流屏蔽了，填料的布置使火灾迅速发展。而且，为了有效冷却，冷却塔的设计确保了良好的通风，增加了火灾的发展，加速和严重性。燃烧塑料会释放大量的热量和烟雾，并且难以控制。

Combustible construction and combustible fill in cooling towersare a fire hazard. Depending on the size of the tower and how heavily it is used,a facility could face a serious risk if the tower is not ade-quately protected. We can help you understandthe risk this hazard presents to your business.
冷却塔中的可燃结构和可燃物有引发火灾的危险。根据塔的大小和使用的严重程度，如果塔没有得到足够的保护，设施可能会面临严重的风险。我们可以帮助您了解这种危害给您的企业带来的风险。

The best way to limit damage from a fire is to use noncombustible construction and fill material. Where this is not possible, an FM Approved less-combustible fill material, louvers and drift eliminators are recommended. Interior fire-resistant barriers, which limit the spread of fire from cell to cell, are another option.
Fixed automatic sprinklers offer the best protection for combustible cooling towers, and they are particularly important for high-value towers or those that are critical to continued facility operation. Adequate sprinkler protection can significantly reduce the extent of fire and associated downtime. Deluge sprinkler protection is usually recommended for towers with combustible fill and fan deck.
减少火灾造成的损失的最佳方法是使用不燃结构并填充材料。在无法做到这一点的地方，建议使用FM认证的不易燃填充材料，百叶窗和除水器。另一种选择是限制内部火势在电池间扩散的内部防火屏障。
固定式自动洒水装置为可燃冷却塔提供了最佳保护，对于高价值的塔或对于持续设施运行至关重要的塔尤其重要。充分的洒水保护装置可以大大减少火灾的程度和相关的停机时间。通常建议对带有可燃填充物和风扇甲板的塔进行洒水喷头保护。